A state of conflict between two sovereign nations carried on by force of arms. This a definition for12/25/2023 Treaties such as the Geneva Conventions require national law to conform to treaty provisions. National law may become international law when treaties permit national jurisdiction to supranational tribunals such as the European Court of Human Rights or the International Criminal Court. The relationship and interaction between a national legal system and international law is complex and variable. Although international law may also be reflected in international comity-the practices adopted by states to maintain good relations and mutual recognition-such traditions are not legally binding. The sources of international law include international custom (general state practice accepted as law), treaties, and general principles of law recognised by most national legal systems. An initial framework was conceptualised by the Ancient Romans and this idea of ius gentium has been used by various academics to establish the modern concept of international law. With origins tracing back to antiquity, states have a long history of negotiating interstate agreements. States may choose to not abide by international law, and even to breach a treaty but such violations, particularly of peremptory norms, can be met with disapproval by others and in some cases coercive action ranging from diplomatic and economic sanctions to war. International law differs from state-based domestic legal systems in that it is primarily, though not exclusively, applicable to states, rather than to individuals, and operates largely through consent, since there is no universally accepted authority to enforce it upon sovereign states. It establishes normative guidelines and a common conceptual framework for states across a broad range of domains, including war and diplomacy, economic relations, and human rights. International law (also known as public international law and the law of nations) is the set of rules, norms, and standards generally recognised as binding between states. For the 18th-century political treatise, see The Law of Nations.
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